Table of Contents:
Preface xi
About the Author xv
Acknowledgments xvi
List of Symbols xvii
About the Companion Website xxvi
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Fundamental Concepts 1
1.2 The Objective of Heat Transfer 5
1.3 Conduction 6
1.4 Convection 18
1.5 Radiation 23
1.6 Evolutionary Design 24
2 Unidirectional Steady Conduction 37
2.1 Thin Walls 37
2.2 Cylindrical Shells 42
2.3 Spherical Shells 44
2.4 Critical Insulation Radius 45
2.5 Variable Thermal Conductivity 48
2.6 Internal Heat Generation 49
2.7 Evolutionary Design: Extended Surfaces (Fins) 51
3 Multidirectional Steady Conduction 85
3.1 Analytical Solutions 85
3.2 Integral Method 101
3.3 Scale Analysis 103
3.4 Evolutionary Design 104
4 Time-Dependent Conduction 121
4.1 Immersion Cooling or Heating 121
4.2 Lumped Capacitance Model (The Late Regime) 124
4.3 Semi-infinite Solid Model (The Early Regime) 125
4.4 Unidirectional Conduction 133
4.5 Multidirectional Conduction 148
4.6 Concentrated Sources and Sinks 152
4.7 Melting and Solidification 158
4.8 Evolutionary Design 162
5 External Forced Convection 177
5.1 Classification of Convection Configurations 177
5.2 Basic Principles of Convection 179
5.3 Laminar Boundary Layer 189
5.4 Turbulent Boundary Layer 202
5.5 Other External Flows 215
5.6 Evolutionary Design 223
6 Internal Forced Convection 245
6.1 Laminar Flow Through a Duct 245
6.2 Heat Transfer in Laminar Flow 252
6.3 Turbulent Flow 261
6.4 Total Heat Transfer Rate 269
6.5 Evolutionary Design 271
7 Natural Convection 291
7.1 What Drives Natural Convection? 291
7.2 Boundary Layer Flow on Vertical Wall 292
7.3 Other External Flows 305
7.4 Internal Flows 314
7.5 Evolutionary Design 327
8 Convection with Change of Phase 343
8.1 Condensation 343
8.2 Boiling 361
8.3 Evolutionary Design 373
9 Heat Exchangers 387
9.1 Classification of Heat Exchangers 387
9.2 Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient 391
9.3 Log-Mean Temperature Difference Method 397
9.4 Effectiveness--NTU Method 408
9.5 Pressure Drop 417
9.6 Evolutionary Design 428
10 Radiation 447
10.1 Introduction 447
10.2 Blackbody Radiation 448
10.3 Heat Transfer Between Black Surfaces 460
10.4 Diffuse-Gray Surfaces 471
10.5 Participating Media 493
10.6 Evolutionary Design 502
Appendix A Constants and Conversion Factors 521
Appendix B Properties of Solids 527
Appendix C Properties of Liquids 541
Appendix D Properties of Gases 551
Appendix E Mathematical Formulas 557
Appendix F Turbulence Transition 565
Appendix G Extremum Subject to Constraint 571
Author Index 573
Subject Index 579